Bioinspired Techniques in Freeze Casting: A Survey of Processes, Current Advances, and Future Directions

Freeze casting, popularly known as ice templating or freeze gelation, is a mechanical method to fabricate scaffolds of desirable properties and materials. Aerospace engineering, the healthcare sector, manufacturing department, automotive industries are different fields where casting has been used. Bioinspiration refers translation biological systems into new innovative creations. Bioinspired materials extensively used in methods such ceramide, spines porcupine fish, collagen. Due tunable production complex structures with ease, biomaterials have found numerous applications method. This review rigorously explains process effect thermal conductivity, stress, electrostatic repulsion on porous Also, we discussed biomaterial polymers along involved.